The 10 Abstract Reasoning Pattern Types You Must Know
EPSO abstract reasoning follows predictable templates. Recognise these 10 pattern types and you'll never be caught off guard.
10 min read · 1 February 2026
Key Takeaways
- EPSO abstract reasoning uses a finite set of pattern types — learn to identify them on sight
- The 10 core patterns: rotation, reflection, number progression, size change, shading, position shift, addition/subtraction, symmetry, analogy, and combination rules
- Always look at ALL panels before focusing on any single one
- Identify what changes AND what stays the same between panels
- With 5 answer choices, guessing gives only 20% — systematic analysis is essential
Abstract reasoning tests pattern recognition in sequences of shapes. The good news: EPSO uses a finite set of pattern types, and once you can identify them on sight, the test becomes dramatically more manageable.
Here are the 10 core pattern types you must recognise.
1. Rotation
Shapes rotate clockwise or anticlockwise by a fixed angle (45, 90, 135, 180 degrees) across the sequence. Look for an arrow, asymmetric shape, or irregular polygon to track rotation.
2. Reflection
A shape is mirrored along a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal axis. Compare left-right or top-bottom symmetry between adjacent panels.
3. Number Progression
The count of a specific element (dots, lines, shapes) increases or decreases by a fixed amount. Count systematically — never estimate.
4. Size Progression
Shapes grow or shrink across the sequence. Often combined with another rule.
5. Colour/Shading Alternation
Fill patterns (solid, hollow, striped, dotted) cycle in a fixed sequence. Map out the pattern before committing to an answer.
Train your pattern recognition with unlimited abstract reasoning sequences.
Try a Free Abstract Test →6. Position Shift
An element moves to a different location in the grid (corner, edge, centre) following a predictable path.
7. Addition/Subtraction of Elements
A shape is added or removed each step. Often the answer requires you to identify what was added or removed most recently.
8. Symmetry Rules
Each panel in the sequence has a specific symmetry property. The answer must maintain or break the symmetry consistently.
9. Analogical Relationships
The relationship between shapes in Row 1 is mirrored in Row 2. Identify the transformation, then apply it.
10. Combination Rules
Two or more simpler rules operate simultaneously. This is the hardest type. Decompose the sequence into one rule at a time.
How to Approach Any Abstract Reasoning Question
- Look at all panels before focusing on any single one.
- Identify what's changing between panels (shape, number, position, shading).
- Identify what's staying the same.
- Formulate the rule(s) as precisely as possible.
- Apply the rule to the missing panel and check all answer options against it.
The EPSO abstract test has 5 answer choices, so guessing gives you only a 20% chance. Systematic rule identification is essential.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many questions are on the EPSO abstract reasoning test?
The EPSO abstract reasoning test typically has 10 questions to be completed in approximately 10 minutes, giving you about 1 minute per question — the tightest time limit of all CBT sections.
What does the EPSO abstract reasoning test measure?
It measures your ability to identify patterns and logical rules in sequences of shapes. No prior knowledge is required — it tests pure pattern recognition and logical thinking.
How can I improve my EPSO abstract reasoning score quickly?
Learn to recognise the 10 core pattern types (rotation, reflection, progression, etc.) and practise systematically identifying which rules apply. Most candidates see significant improvement within 2-3 weeks of daily practice.
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